An examination of environmental degradation and its impact on rural livelihoods in Esan West Local Government Area, Edo State
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- NGN 5000
Background of the Study
Environmental degradation, characterized by deforestation, soil erosion, and pollution, poses severe challenges to rural communities whose livelihoods depend largely on natural resources. In Esan West Local Government Area, Edo State, the degradation of the environment has led to diminished agricultural productivity, loss of biodiversity, and adverse health outcomes. Rural populations, often lacking adequate alternative sources of income, are disproportionately affected by these environmental challenges (Okoro, 2023). The study examines the interrelationship between environmental decline and rural livelihood sustainability, highlighting the adverse effects on farming, fishing, and other traditional economic activities. Furthermore, recent governmental and non-governmental initiatives aimed at environmental conservation have met with mixed success (Adewale, 2024). By analyzing both qualitative field observations and quantitative data, the research seeks to understand the underlying factors that exacerbate environmental degradation and to propose sustainable practices that can mitigate its impact on rural communities (Oghenekaro, 2025). This comprehensive analysis intends to bridge the gap between environmental management and rural economic resilience.
Statement of the Problem
Environmental degradation in Esan West is severely undermining rural livelihoods by reducing agricultural productivity, increasing health risks, and depleting natural resources. Despite the implementation of conservation measures, rural communities continue to suffer from the adverse effects of deforestation and pollution. The inability to sustainably manage environmental resources poses significant threats to food security and economic stability, necessitating an in-depth examination of the causes and consequences of environmental decline on rural life (Okoro, 2023).
Objectives of the Study:
To analyze the extent of environmental degradation in Esan West.
To evaluate its impact on rural livelihoods.
To recommend sustainable practices to mitigate adverse effects.
Research Questions:
How does environmental degradation affect rural livelihoods in Esan West?
What are the primary environmental challenges faced by rural communities?
What strategies can promote sustainable environmental management?
Research Hypotheses:
H₁: Environmental degradation significantly reduces agricultural productivity.
H₂: Rural livelihoods are adversely affected by loss of natural resources.
H₃: Sustainable practices can mitigate the negative impacts of environmental degradation.
Significance of the Study
This study is significant as it examines the critical link between environmental health and rural livelihoods. Its findings will assist policymakers and community leaders in developing strategies to protect natural resources and enhance rural economic resilience in Esan West (Adewale, 2024).
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
The study is limited to assessing the impact of environmental degradation on rural livelihoods within Esan West Local Government Area, Edo State, focusing on agriculture, health, and resource management.
Definitions of Terms:
Environmental Degradation: The deterioration of natural resources and ecosystems.
Rural Livelihoods: The means of securing living in rural areas, often dependent on natural resources.
Sustainable Practices: Methods that ensure long-term resource conservation and environmental health.
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